Legionella Awareness

Legionella bacteria can be found in natural water sources like rivers and lakes but can also grow in purpose-built water systems such as cooling towers, hot and cold-water systems and temporary water storage systems. If inhaled via water droplets, it can cause Legionnaires disease- a potentially fatal type of pneumonia. As an employer of duty holder, it’s your responsibility to understand to understand the risks and control them.

The Dangers

Legionella bacteria are harmless if swallowed, but inhaling tiny droplets or mist can lead to serious illness. Common sources include showers, taps, hot tubs, cooling towers and any water systems where water is stored or recirculated.

· Legionnaires Disease- A pneumonia causing high fever, cough, shortness of breath, and muscle aches. It can be fatal in around 1 in 10 cases, with higher risk in people over 50, smokers, and those with weakened immune systems.

· Pontiac Fever- A mild, flue-like illness caused by the same bacteria, still disruptive to health and work.

· Grown Conditions- Legionella thrive in stagnant or slow-moving water, especially between 20*C and 45*C, and in systems with scale, sludge, or biofilm build up.

· Business Risk- Outbreaks can cause closures, reputational harm, legal costs, and HSE enforcement.

The Law

In the UK, controlling Legionella is a legal requirement under:

· Health and Safety at Work Act 1974- Requires employers and those in control of premises to ensure the health, safety, and welfare of employees and others who may be affected by their work activities.

· Control of Substances Hazardous to Heath (COSHH)- Legionella bacteria are classed as a hazardous substance. Employers must assess the risk, prevent or control exposure, and ensure controls are maintained.

· Approved Code of Practice (ACoP) L8- Issued by the HSE, this sets out practical guidance for complying with the law, including appointing a ‘responsible person’, keeping records and ensuring systems are designed and maintained to prevent bacterial growth.

What can you do?

Preventing Legionella is about stopping the conditions that allow it to grow and spread. This requires regular monitoring, maintenance, and good record keeping.

· Appoint a competent person- Designate someone with the knowledge and authority to manage Legionella risks effectively.

· Carry out a Legionella risk assessment- Identify water system hazards, assess who might be at risk and outline control measures.

· Control water temperatures- Keep hot water at 60*C or above and cold water below 20*C to prevent bacterial control measure.

· Flush infrequently used outlets- Run taps, showers, or pipes weekly to prevent stagnation.

· Clean and maintain systems- Remove scale, sludge, and biofilm; service tanks, pipes, and components regularly.

· Keep accurate records- Document inspections, temperature checks, cleaning and any corrective.

· Train staff- Ensure those responsible understand

Summary

Legionella is a hidden but preventable risk. By understanding the dangers, complying with the UK law, and following good water hygiene practices, you can protect staff, visitors and your business from the potentially devastating effects of Legionnaires Disease. If you need any help, we are here!

If you feel like you would like any advice or help with any of the above, please feel free to contact us on equries@wedohealthandsafety.co.uk

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